Human Rights Watch published a report on March 16, 2026 documenting that El Salvador is forcibly disappearing and arbitrarily detaining Salvadoran nationals deported from the United States. The organization interviewed 20 relatives and lawyers of 11 men who were deported from the U.S. between mid-March and mid-October 2025 and immediately detained upon arrival in El Salvador. None have been allowed contact with family or legal counsel since.

The detained men are among more than 9,000 Salvadorans deported by the United States since January 2025. El Salvador's ongoing state of emergency, declared to combat gang violence, has suspended several procedural protections including the right to be informed of the reason for arrest, the right to remain silent, access to legal counsel, and the requirement that detainees appear before a judge within 72 hours.

Relatives told HRW they attempted to locate their family members through ICE's Online Detainee Locator System and found no results. U.S. officials then informed them their relatives had been deported to El Salvador, but Salvadoran authorities provided no further information. Families described their loved ones as having "been sent to a black hole."

The Washington Post and NPR covered the HRW findings prominently. The report adds to existing scrutiny of the U.S.-El Salvador deportation arrangement, in which the Trump administration has paid El Salvador to detain migrants in its high-security CECOT prison. Human rights organizations have previously raised concerns about conditions at CECOT, where detainees have no meaningful access to courts or counsel. The administration has defended the arrangement as an effective deterrent to illegal immigration.