On March 4, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous 9-0 decision in Urias-Orellana v. Bondi, making it harder for asylum seekers to overturn denials on appeal. The opinion was authored by Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson — drawing attention given her liberal reputation.

The case involved Douglas Humberto Urias-Orellana, his wife, and their child, Salvadoran nationals who fled to the U.S. in 2021 after threats from a hit man who had shot two of Urias-Orellana's half-brothers. An immigration judge denied their asylum claim, finding they hadn't demonstrated 'persecution' as required under the INA.

The Court held that the 'substantial evidence' standard applies, meaning appeals courts must defer to the immigration judge unless the evidence would compel a reasonable factfinder to reach a different conclusion. This is a high bar.

Fox News headlined it as a 'Trump immigration win' with Justice Jackson 'handing' the administration a victory. SCOTUSblog and the Cornell Legal Information Institute confirmed the same legal holding without the political framing. Both the Center for Immigration Studies (conservative) and legal analysts noted the unanimity was striking.