A Senate committee moved to hold former National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony Fauci in contempt of Congress on Thursday after he declined to answer questions by invoking his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. The contempt vote was led by Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY), who chairs the panel and has been a persistent critic of Fauci's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ahead of the vote, the Senate panel obtained a forensic copy of Fauci's personal cellphone, a development that committee investigators indicated could be relevant to their ongoing inquiry into the origins of COVID-19 and related federal pandemic policies. The phone's contents have not been publicly disclosed.

Sen. Paul predicted the contempt measure would pass and said he would promptly refer the matter to the Department of Justice for potential prosecution if it did. Contempt of Congress referrals to the DOJ do not automatically result in criminal charges; a decision to prosecute would rest with federal prosecutors.

Fauci, who led NIAID for nearly four decades before retiring in 2022, has been a central figure in congressional investigations into pandemic-era decisions, including questions about federal funding for research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. His decision to invoke the Fifth Amendment marks a significant escalation in the long-running standoff between him and Republican-led oversight efforts.

The contempt proceeding drew broad coverage across the political spectrum, though outlets diverged sharply on how to frame Fauci's constitutional invocation and the committee's actions. The outcome of any DOJ referral would depend heavily on the current administration's prosecutorial priorities.