The Supreme Court voted 6-3 to permanently block the Biden administration's SAVE (Saving on a Valuable Education) student loan repayment plan on June 30, 2025, ruling that the executive branch's authority under the Higher Education Act did not extend to broadly reducing loan balances and modifying repayment terms at the scale contemplated by SAVE. The ruling was confirmed by the Supreme Court, Fox News, NPR, CNN, the Department of Education, and the Student Borrower Protection Center.

The SAVE plan, finalized by the Biden administration in 2023, was the most generous income-driven repayment plan ever created by the federal government. It calculated monthly payments at 5% of discretionary income for undergraduate borrowers (reduced from 10%), zeroed out interest accumulation for borrowers in good standing, and offered forgiveness after 10 years for borrowers with original loans under $12,000. The plan had been blocked by lower courts in 2024.

Justice Roberts wrote the majority opinion, joined by Justices Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, and Barrett. The court held that 'transforming the student loan system in ways that Congress has not authorized' required a 'clear statement' from Congress that did not exist in the Higher Education Act. Justice Sotomayor dissented, joined by Kagan and Jackson, arguing the majority had construed congressional intent too narrowly.

Approximately 8 million borrowers who had been enrolled in SAVE and receiving payment pause protection were required to enter new repayment plans. The Trump administration did not offer a replacement plan. NPR and the Student Borrower Protection Center warned of mass defaults, with borrowers facing delinquency if they could not afford standard repayment. Fox News and the Daily Wire said the ruling restored taxpayer protection from what they called an 'unconstitutional bailout.'